How to calculate square footage for painting
Paint is estimated from the area of the surface you're covering, so the starting point is wall area, not the square footage of the floor. Measure the width and height of each wall in feet, multiply them, and add the walls together. A 12 ft by 10 ft room with 8 ft ceilings has two 12 ft walls and two 10 ft walls, which comes to (12 + 12 + 10 + 10) × 8 = 448 square feet of gross wall area before you take anything out.
From that gross figure, subtract the openings you won't paint. A standard interior door is about 21 square feet and a typical window is about 15 square feet, so one door and two windows remove roughly 50 square feet, leaving about 400 square feet of paintable wall. Enter each wall and each opening in the calculator above and it does the subtraction for you, so you're pricing paint against the surface you'll actually roll.
Turning square feet into gallons
One US gallon of interior paint covers roughly 350 to 400 square feet in a single coat on a smooth, primed surface. Manufacturers print a coverage figure on the can, but 350 is a safe planning number because it leaves room for touch-ups and the inevitable spots that need a little more. Multiply your paintable area by the number of coats — two is standard — then divide by 350. For our 400-square-foot room that's 800 square feet of coverage, or about three gallons.
Coverage falls fast on thirsty surfaces. Bare drywall, new wood, and porous masonry can pull a gallon down to 250 square feet or less, which is exactly why a coat of primer first saves finish paint. Prime separately, then estimate your color coats against a sealed surface for a more reliable count.
Exterior and siding estimates
Exterior walls are measured the same way — width times height, minus the doors and windows — but the surface texture matters even more outside. Lap siding, shakes, and stucco have far more actual surface than a flat wall of the same dimensions, so they can cut coverage to 200 to 300 square feet per gallon. Add a margin for that texture, and estimate trim, fascia, and soffits as their own areas since they're often a different color and finish.
Once you know the gallons, drop your paint area and price per square foot into the square footage cost calculator to turn the measurement into a project budget.